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Deliverables Bonfire.java Note! The capitalization and spelling of your filename matter! Note! Code must be tested on Eustis, but submitted via Webcourses.

1. Method and Class Requirements Implement the following methods in a public class named Bonfire. Please note that they are all public and static. You may implement helper methods as you see fit (unless explicitly forbidden for certain methods). Please include your name, the course number, the current semester, and your NID in a header comment at the very top of your source file. public static int getThirdLargest(int [] array) Description: Return the third largest integer in array. Note that if there are duplicate elements within the array, each occurrence should count as a separate element. For example, 4 is the 2nd and 3rd largest element in the following array: {2, 4, 9, 4}. Additional examples are given in the test cases released with this assignment, which you should read carefully. We guarantee that the array passed to this method will not be null. However, it may contain fewer than three elements. If this method receives an array with fewer than three elements, it should return Integer.MIN_VALUE. Special Restrictions: For this particular method, you must abide by all the following restrictions: • You cannot create any new arrays in this method. • You cannot sort the array, and you cannot change the contents of the array passed to this method at any point (even if you change that array back before returning from this method). • You cannot call any helper methods (whether built in to Java or hand-crafted by you); all the work for this problem must be contained within this method, with no additional method calls. The TAs will manually inspect your code to ensure that you are abiding by the above restrictions. Failure to abide by these restrictions will result in catastrophic point loss, even if you are passing test cases. Parameter Restrictions: We will never pass a null parameter to this method. However, the array we pass to this method could be empty. Output: This method should not print anything to the screen. Printing stray characters to the screen (including newline characters) is a leading cause of test case failure. Return Value: This method should return a single integer as described above. public static void printThirdLargest(int [] array) Description: This method has the same behavior as getThirdLargest(), except it does not return a value; instead, it prints the result to the screen. Your output should contain a single integer, followed by a newline character (‘\n’). Special Restrictions: For this particular method, you must abide by all the following restrictions. Please note that this method has one less restriction than the getThirdLargest() method:• You cannot create any new arrays in this method. • You cannot sort the array, and you cannot change the contents of the array passed to this method at any point (even if you change that array back before returning from this method). The TAs will manually inspect your code to ensure that you are abiding by the above restrictions. Failure to abide by these restrictions will result in catastrophic point loss, even if you are passing test cases. Parameter Restrictions: We will never pass a null parameter to this method. However, the array we pass to this method could be empty. Output: See above for a description of this method’s output. Also, see the test cases and sample output included with this assignment for further examples of this method’s output. Your output must match our sample output files exactly. Return Value: This is a void method and therefore should not return a value. public static boolean isRotation(int [] array1, int [] array2) Description: We say that an array is a rotation of another if we can attain one array by shifting the elements of the other array by some number of places, wrapping elements back around to the beginning of the array as they fall off the end of that array. For example, let us shift the elements of the array {1, 7, 2, 3} one by one to show all possible arrays that are rotations of this one: {3, 1, 7, 2} {2, 3, 1, 7} {7, 2, 3, 1} {1, 7, 2, 3} Notice that the array is a rotation of itself. This can be achieved by shifting all elements 0 places to the right, 4 places to the right, -4 places to the right (which is equivalent to shifting 4 places to the left), and so on. Notice also that this is a symmetric relationship. So, if array1 is a rotation of array2, it necessarily follows that array2 is a rotation of array1, and vice versa. Given two arbitrary arrays, array1 and array2, determine whether they are rotations of one another. If so, return true. Otherwise, return false. Special Restrictions: For this particular method, you must abide by all the following restrictions: • You cannot create any new arrays in this method. • You cannot sort the arrays, and you cannot change the contents of either of the arrays passed to this method at any point (even if you change them back before returning from this method). • You cannot call any helper methods (whether built in to Java or hand-crafted by you); all the work for this problem must be contained within this method, with no additional method calls. The TAs will manually inspect your code to ensure that you are abiding by the above restrictions. Failure to abide by these restrictions will result in catastrophic point loss, even if you are passing test cases.Parameter Restrictions: The arrays we pass to this method will not be null, although one or both of them might be empty. Output: This method should not print anything to the screen. Printing stray characters to the screen (including newline characters) is a leading cause of test case failure. Return Value: Return true if the arrays are rotations of one another. If not, return false. public static int [] generateNthRotation(int [] array, int n) Description: Return a new integer array that contains the nth rotation of the integer array passed to this method. The nth rotation of an array is achieved by shifting all elements n places to the right and wrapping elements back around to the beginning of the array as they fall off the end of the array. For example, the first rotation of {1, 7, 2, 3} is {3, 1, 7, 2}. Similarly, the second rotation of {1, 7, 2, 3} is {2, 3, 1, 7}, the -2nd (negative second) rotation of {1, 7, 2, 3} is {2, 3, 1, 7}, and the fourth rotation of {1, 7, 2, 3} is simply {1, 7, 2, 3}. Special Restrictions: For this particular method, you must abide by all the following restrictions: • You can only create one new array in this method. • You cannot directly modify the contents of the array passed to this method at any point (even if you change that array back before returning from this method). • You cannot call any helper methods (whether built in to Java or hand-crafted by you); all the work for this problem must be contained within this method, with no additional method calls. (Note that you will need to use the “new” keyword to create a new array. That’s fine. That does not count as a method call.) • Important! You can only write one loop in this method. You cannot write multiple loops, and you cannot have any nested loops. • Important! The loop you write can only perform array.length number of iterations, even if n is greater than array.length! So, for example, if array contains 5 elements and n is 1,000,000, you must find a way to generate the 1,000,000th rotation of array using a loop that only performs five iterations! This restriction does not apply in the other direction, though: if array.length is 1,000,000 and n is 5, the loop you use to generate the 5th rotation of that array is allowed to perform 1,000,000 iterations. The TAs will manually inspect your code to ensure that you are abiding by the above restrictions. Failure to abide by these restrictions will result in catastrophic point loss, even if you are passing test cases. Parameter Restrictions: We will never pass a null parameter to this method. However, the array we pass to this method could be empty. Output: This method should not print anything to the screen. Printing stray characters to the screen (including newline characters) is a leading cause of test case failure. Return Value: Return an integer array as described above. Note that you might have to return an emptyarray (an array of length zero). That shouldn’t be problematic; Java will allow you to create arrays of length zero. This method should never return null. public static void printRibbon(int n, int width) Note: This is an advanced problem! Don’t feel bad if this one takes you a while! This might be easier if you first review the printDiamond() method in the Webcourses notes from Sept. 9, as well as the printChevron() exercise on that page. Description: This method takes two integers (n and width) and produces the following output: 1. The first line contains n ‘@’ symbols, followed by n ‘o’ symbols (lowercase letter ‘o’), followed by n ‘@’ symbols, followed by however many spaces are necessary to cause a total of width symbols to have been printed for this line. As we print the characters as described, we should always terminate prematurely as soon as we have printed width number of characters for this line. 2. The second line is the same as the first line of output, except it’s shifted to the right by one space (i.e., it starts with a single space character and then follows the pattern described for the first line of output); the third line is the same as the second line of output, except it’s shifted to the right by yet another extra space (i.e., it starts with two spaces and then follows the pattern described for the first line of output); and so on. 3. This should continue until the last line of output, which will contain a single ‘@’ symbol (possibly preceded by several spaces in order to achieve the full width of this line). 4. In addition to the rules laid out above, the output for this method should be contained within a frame of ‘+’, ‘-’, and ‘|’ symbols as shown below. Note that characters from the frame do not count toward the width restriction on each line of output for this ribbon. The width refers only to the number of characters printed inside the bounds of the frame. For example, printRibbon(5, 11) should produce the following output. Notice how the first line of output within the frame gets cut short by the fact that we are only allowed to print 11 characters there: +-----------+ |@@@@@ooooo@| | @@@@@ooooo| | @@@@@oooo| | @@@@@ooo| | @@@@@oo| | @@@@@o| | @@@@@| | @@@@| | @@@| | @@| | @| +-----------+Similarly, printRibbon(5, 16) should produce the following output: +----------------+ |@@@@@ooooo@@@@@ | | @@@@@ooooo@@@@@| | @@@@@ooooo@@@@| | @@@@@ooooo@@@| | @@@@@ooooo@@| | @@@@@ooooo@| | @@@@@ooooo| | @@@@@oooo| | @@@@@ooo| | @@@@@oo| | @@@@@o| | @@@@@| | @@@@| | @@@| | @@| | @| +----------------+ For further examples of the expected output for this method, be sure to see the test cases included with this assignment. Parameter Restrictions: When passing integers to this method, we guarantee 1 ≤ n ≤ 100,000 and 1 ≤ width ≤ 100,000. Note that there’s no guarantee that width will be larger than n. Output: See above for a description of this method’s output. Also, see the test cases and sample output included with this assignment for further examples of this method’s output. Your output must match our sample output files exactly. Return Value: This is a void method and therefore should not return a value. Hints: (Highlight and/or copy and paste to reveal.) Hint #1: If you use the printChar() method from the Diamond class we covered in lecture, this problem will be a bit easier, but it will still require some careful thinking to come up with the number of each type of character that needs to be printed. Hint #2: From the given inputs (n and width), there’s a way to determine exactly how many lines will print. I would recommend figuring out that piece of this puzzle before diving into the rest. public static double difficultyRating() Return a double indicating how difficult you found this assignment on a scale of 1.0 (ridiculously easy) through 5.0 (insanely difficult). public static double hoursSpent() Return a realistic and reasonable estimate (greater than zero) of the number of hours you spent on this assignment.2. Compiling and Running All Test Cases (and the test-all.sh Script!) Recall that your code must compile, run, and produce precisely the correct output on Eustis in order to receive full credit. Here’s how to make that happen: 1. At the command line, whether you’re working on your own system or on Eustis, you need to use the cd command to move to the directory where you have all the files for this assignment. For example: cd Desktop/bonfire_assignment Warning: When working at the command line, any spaces in file names or directory names either need to be escaped in the commands you type, or the entire name needs to be wrapped in double quotes. For example: cd bonfire\ assignment cd "bonfire assignment" It’s probably easiest to just avoid file and folder names with spaces. 2. To compile your program with one of my test cases: javac Bonfire.java TestCase01.java 3. To run this test case and redirect the program’s output to a text file: java TestCase01 > myoutput.txt 4. To compare your program’s output against the sample output file I’ve provided for this test case: diff myoutput.txt sample_output/TestCase01-output.txt If the contents of myoutput.txt and TestCase01-output.txt are exactly the same, diff won’t print anything to the screen. It will just look like this: seansz@eustis:~$ diff myoutput.txt sample_output/TestCase01-output.txt seansz@eustis:~$ _ Otherwise, if the files differ, diff will spit out some information about the lines that aren’t the same. 5. I’ve also included a script, test-all.sh, that will compile and run all test cases for you. You can run it on Eustis by placing it in a directory with Bonfire.java and all the test case files and typing: bash test-all.sh Super Important: Using the test-all.sh script to test your code on Eustis is the safest, most sure-fire way to make sure your code is working properly before submitting. Note that this script might have limited functionality on Mac OS systems or Windows systems that aren’t using the Linux-style bash shell.3. Transferring Files to Eustis When you’re ready to test your project on Eustis, using MobaXTerm to transfer your files to Eustis isn’t too hard, but if you want to transfer them using a Linux or Mac command line, here’s how you do it: 1. At your command line on your own system, use cd to go to the folder that contains all your files for this project (Bonfire.java, test-all.sh, the test case files, and the sample_output folder). 2. From that directory, type the following command (replacing YOUR_NID with your actual NID) to transfer that whole folder to Eustis: scp -r $(pwd) [email protected]:~ Warning: Note that the $(pwd) in the command above refers to your current directory when you’re at the command line in Linux or Mac OS. The command above transfers the entire contents of your current directory to Eustis. That will include all subdirectories, so for the love of all that is good, please don’t run that command from your desktop folder if you have a ton of files on your desktop! 4. Style Restrictions (Super Important!) Please conform as closely as possible to the style I use while coding in class. To encourage everyone to develop a commitment to writing consistent and readable code, the following restrictions will be strictly enforced:  Capitalize the first letter of all class names. Use lowercase for the first letter of all method names.  Any time you open a curly brace, that curly brace should start on a new line.  Any time you open a new code block, indent all the code within that code block one level deeper than you were already indenting.  Be consistent with the amount of indentation you’re using, and be consistent in using either spaces or tabs for indentation throughout your source file. If you’re using spaces for indentation, please use at least two spaces for each new level of indentation, because trying to read code that uses just a single space for each level of indentation is downright painful.  Please avoid block-style comments: /* comment */  Instead, please use inline-style comments: // comment  Always include a space after the “//” in your comments: “// comment” instead of “//comment”  The header comments introducing your source file (including the comment(s) with your name, course number, semester, NID, and so on), should always be placed above your import statements.  Use end-of-line comments sparingly. Comments longer than three words should always be placed above the lines of code to which they refer. Furthermore, such comments should be indented to properly align with the code to which they refer. For example, if line 16 of your code is indented with two tabs, and line 15 contains a comment referring to line 16, then line 15 should also be intended with two tabs. Please do not write excessively long lines of code. Lines must be no longer than 100 characters wide.  Avoid excessive consecutive blank lines. In general, you should never have more than one or two consecutive blank lines.  Please leave a space on both sides of any binary operators you use in your code (i.e., operators that take two operands). For example, use (a + b) - c instead of (a+b)-c. (The only place you do not have to follow this restriction is within the square brackets used to access an array index, as in: array[i+j].)  When defining or calling a method, do not leave a space before its opening parenthesis. For example: use System.out.println("Hi!") instead of System.out.println ("Hi!").  Do leave a space before the opening parenthesis in an if statement or a loop. For example, use use for (i = 0; i < n; i++) instead of for(i = 0; i < n; i++), and use if (condition) instead of if(condition) or if( condition ).  Use meaningful variable names that convey the purpose of your variables. (The exceptions here are when using variables like i, j, and k for looping variables or m and n for the sizes of some inputs.)  Do not use var to declare variables. 5. Special Restrictions (Super Important!) You must abide by the following restrictions in this assignment. Failure to abide by certain of these restrictions could result in a catastrophic loss of points.  For this particular assignment, you are not allowed to have any import statements, as you should not need any built-in Java goodies other than what is automatically compiled into your code from java.lang. We might automatically detect assignments with import statements and refuse to compile them for this particular assignment, resulting in zero credit.  Your Bonfire class cannot have any member variables (i.e., fields). Every variable you create for this assignment must be declared within a method.  File I/O is forbidden. Please do not read or write to any files.  Do not write malicious code. (I would hope this would go without saying.)  No crazy shenanigans. 6. Deliverables (Submitted via Webcourses, Not Eustis) Submit a single source file, named Bonfire.java, via Webcourses. The source file should contain definitions for all the required methods (listed above), as well as any helper methods you’ve written to make them work. Be sure to include your name, the course number, the current semester, and your NID in a header comment at the very top of your source file.7. Grading Criteria and Miscellaneous Requirements Important Note: When grading your programs, we will use different test cases from the ones we’ve released with this assignment, to ensure that no one can game the system and earn credit by simply hard-coding the expected output for the test cases we’ve released to you. You should create additional test cases of your own in order to thoroughly test your code. In creating your own test cases, you should always ask yourself, “What kinds of inputs could be passed to this program that don’t violate any of the input specifications, but which haven’t already been covered in the test cases included with the assignment?” The tentative scoring breakdown (not set in stone) for this programming assignment is: 80% Passes test cases with 100% correct output formatting. This portion of the grade includes tests of the difficultyRating() and hoursSpent() methods. 20% Adequate comments and whitespace and sound programming practices. To earn these points, you must adhere to the style restrictions set forth above. We will likely impose huge penalties for small deviations, because we really want you to develop good style habits in this class. For some methods, we might also check that you’re using good functional decomposition and/or the DRY principle (“don’t repeat yourself,” also referred to in class as “never repeat the same code twice”) This portion of the grade might also award credit for including a header comment at the top of your source code with your name and NID. Your program must be submitted via Webcourses. Please be sure to submit your .java file, not a .class file (and certainly not a .doc or .pdf file). Your best bet is to submit your program in advance of the deadline, then download the source code from Webcourses, re-compile, and re-test your code in order to ensure that you uploaded the correct version of your source code. Important! Programs that do not compile on Eustis will receive zero credit. When testing your code, you should ensure that you place Bonfire.java alone in a directory with the test case files (source files, sample output files, and the input text files associated with the test cases), and no other files. That will help ensure that your Bonfire.java is not relying on external support classes that you’ve written in separate .java files but won’t be including with your program submission. 8. Final Thoughts Important! You might want to remove main() and then double check that your program compiles without it before submitting. Including a main() method can cause compilation issues if it includes references to homebrewed classes that you are not submitting with the assignment. Please remove. Important! Please do not create a java package. Articulating a package in your source code could prevent it from compiling with our test cases, resulting in severe point deductions. Important! Name your source file, class(es), and method(s) correctly. Minor errors in spelling and/or capitalization could be hugely disruptive to the grading process and may result in severe point deductions.Similarly, failing to write any of the required methods, or failing to make them public and static, may cause test case failure. Please double check your work! Input specifications are a contract. We promise that we will work within the confines of the problem statement when creating the test cases that we’ll use for grading. For example, the integers we pass to printRibbon() are guaranteed to be positive. We will never pass a negative integer to that method. However, please be aware that the test cases included with this assignment writeup are by no means comprehensive. Please be sure to create your own test cases and thoroughly test your code. Sharing test cases with other students is allowed (as long as those test cases don’t include any solution code for this assignment), but you should challenge yourself to think of edge cases before reading other students’ test cases. Start early! Work hard! Ask questions! Good luck!